How Do You Get Copies Of Past Tax Returns
How Do You Get Copies Of Past Tax Returns? Your Complete Guide to Retrieval
It happens to the best of us. Maybe you're applying for a mortgage, starting a new business venture, or perhaps the IRS sent you a notice—suddenly, you realize you need a copy of that tax return you filed a few years ago. Panic sets in, but don't worry! Finding out How Do You Get Copies Of Past Tax Returns is actually simpler than you might think, though it requires knowing the right channels and managing your expectations regarding processing times.
The good news is that the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) maintains records for many years. However, the path you take depends entirely on what information you truly need: a quick summary (a transcript) or the full, detailed filed return (an actual copy).
Understanding Your Options: Transcripts vs. Copies
Before diving into the steps, it's crucial to understand the difference between a tax transcript and a full copy of a tax return. Many institutions, like banks or financial aid offices, only require a transcript, which is much easier and faster to obtain.
What is a Tax Transcript?
A tax transcript summarizes key line items from your filed return (like Adjusted Gross Income, taxable income, and payment status). They are generally free and can be retrieved immediately online for the most recent years. The IRS offers several types of transcripts:
- Return Transcript: Shows most line items from your original return (Form 1040, 1040A, or 1040EZ) and accompanying forms.
- Account Transcript: Provides status information about your tax account for the specific tax year, including payments, assessment dates, and subsequent adjustments.
- Wage and Income Transcript: Displays data from W-2s, 1099s, 1098s, and other income documents reported to the IRS.
What is an Actual Tax Return Copy?
An actual copy is a complete replica of everything you originally filed, including all attachments and schedules. These are necessary if you need detailed signatures, specific schedules not summarized in the transcript, or documentation for highly complex filings. Unlike transcripts, actual copies usually involve a fee and significant processing time.
The Fastest Way: Obtaining Tax Transcripts Online
If you need your information quickly and the recipient accepts a transcript, the IRS "Get Transcript Online" tool is your best friend. This process is instant and entirely free, provided you can verify your identity.
What You Need to Access Transcripts Immediately
To successfully use the IRS online tool, you must pass their identity verification process. This requires several pieces of information:
- A valid email address.
- Your Social Security number, filing status, and date of birth.
- Your mailing address from your last filed return.
- Access to a financial account (like a credit card, mortgage, home equity loan, auto loan, or student loan) to verify your identity.
- A mobile phone number associated with your name for identity verification codes.
If you meet these criteria, you can access transcripts for the current year and the past three tax years. Once logged in, you can view, download, and print your transcripts immediately.
Security Alert for Online Access
The IRS takes identity protection very seriously, and the verification process can be strict. If you recently moved, changed your phone number, or don't have enough verified credit history, you might be blocked from using the online tool. Don't worry, there are alternative methods available if the digital route fails.
Requesting Transcripts via Mail or Phone
If you can't access the online service, or if you need transcripts for years older than the past three, you can still request them directly from the IRS. This option is also free.
You can use the "Get Transcript by Mail" option on the IRS website. You simply provide your personal information, select the tax year and type of transcript you need, and the document will be mailed to the address on file within 5 to 10 calendar days.
Alternatively, you can call the IRS automated phone transcript service at 800-908-9946. You'll need to verify your identity, and the transcripts will also be mailed to your address on record.
When You Need the Full Return: Using Form 4506
If your lender, auditor, or government agency specifically asks for the actual filed return—not just the transcript summary—you must file IRS Form 4506, Request for Copy of Tax Return.
Be prepared: this process is much slower and comes with a fee. The IRS typically keeps copies of tax returns for up to seven years.
Step-by-Step Guide to Filing Form 4506
Filling out Form 4506 requires attention to detail to avoid delays:
- Gather Details: You will need your full name, current address, previous address (if applicable), Social Security Number(s), and the specific tax year(s) you are requesting.
- Calculate Fees: There is a fee per tax year requested. You must include the payment when you mail the form.
- Complete the Form: Clearly check the box indicating you want a "copy of tax return" (not just a transcript) and specify the form number (e.g., 1040).
- Sign and Mail: Sign the form exactly as you signed your original tax return. Mail the completed form and payment to the appropriate IRS address listed on the form instructions, which varies based on your location.
Expected Processing Time for Form 4506
The processing time for Form 4506 is significantly longer than for transcripts. The IRS currently advises allowing up to 75 calendar days for processing. If you are on a tight deadline, you should pursue the transcript option first, as it is much faster.
Essential Alternatives: Checking Your Records First
While the IRS is always there as a backup, the fastest and cheapest answer to How Do You Get Copies Of Past Tax Returns is often found right in your own files!
1. Review Your Tax Preparation Software
If you used commercial tax software (like TurboTax, H&R Block, or TaxAct) to file your returns, there is a very high chance your returns are still saved on their servers or in your local computer files.
- Log into your account with the provider you used for that specific year.
- Look for the "My Documents" or "Past Returns" section.
- You should be able to view, download, and print the PDF copies instantly.
2. Contact Your CPA or Tax Preparer
If you used a professional tax preparer or CPA, they are legally required to keep copies of your returns for a specific period (often three to seven years, depending on state regulations). A quick call to their office can often result in them emailing you a PDF copy within hours.
This is often the best route for complex returns, as they may also have copies of supporting documentation the IRS does not retain.
3. Check Bank and Cloud Storage
Many people save digital copies of important documents in secure cloud storage (Dropbox, Google Drive, OneDrive) or simply on their computer's hard drive. Searching for terms like "1040 2020" or the year you need might yield immediate results.
Conclusion: Simplifying the Process of Retrieving Tax Documents
When asking How Do You Get Copies Of Past Tax Returns, remember that speed and cost depend on the format you need. For immediate verification, free tax transcripts accessed online are the ideal solution, giving you key financial figures instantly.
If you require the full signed copies of returns, plan ahead. Check your personal files and tax software first. If those avenues fail, be prepared to wait several weeks and pay a fee by filing Form 4506. By understanding these different methods, you can efficiently retrieve the exact tax documentation you need without unnecessary hassle or delay.
Keep these methods in mind, and the next time you need an old tax return, you'll know exactly where to look!
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
- Can I request tax returns older than seven years?
- The IRS generally destroys physical records after seven years. While transcripts for certain tax information may be available for up to 10 years, obtaining the actual filed copy (Form 4506) is usually limited to the past seven years. If you need older documentation, contact the IRS directly to discuss special circumstances, such as proof of non-filing.
- Is there a cost associated with obtaining past tax documents?
- Tax transcripts (summary of information) are always free, whether obtained online, by mail, or by phone. However, if you require the actual, full copies of the filed tax return (using Form 4506), there is a fee per tax year requested.
- What if I need copies for a deceased person?
- If you are trying to get copies of past tax returns for a deceased individual, you must file Form 4506 along with documentation proving you are the court-appointed personal representative or the authorized fiduciary (e.g., a copy of the letters testamentary). If you are the surviving spouse filing jointly, your identity verification usually suffices.
- How long does the IRS keep records of tax transcripts?
- The IRS typically keeps transcripts for 10 years or longer, allowing you to access key data points even if the full return copy is no longer available.
- Can my current tax preparer access returns they didn't originally file?
- No, unless they are granted Power of Attorney (POA) for that specific year and form. If they have POA, they can request transcripts and copies on your behalf.
How Do You Get Copies Of Past Tax Returns
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